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Do Heat Pumps Really Work in Cold Climates?

A Bosch IDS Ultra Cold Climate Heat Pump installed at a home in New Hampshire.

The short answer? Yes. However, the belief that heat pumps can’t work in low temperatures is a common misconception. When it comes to heating our homes, many of us still assume that heat pumps are ineffective in cold climates. For example, a recent Bosch survey shows that heat pump ownership rates are 6 to 7 times lower in colder regions of the U.S. like New England and the Upper Midwest, than in the Southeast, where heat pumps are more widespread.

Decades ago, this assumption was true. The heat pumps of the 1970’s would not have cut it in a New England winter. Luckily, recent significant technological advancements have paved the way for the cold climate heat pump—a system that you can count on for comfort year-round, even when the temperature drops below zero.

An Enhanced Compressor for Powerful Home Heating

What makes cold climate heat pumps so powerful? In the case of the Bosch IDS Ultra, Bosch engineers have equipped the system with an Enhanced Vapor Injection (EVI) compressor to provide an added “boost”.

To understand why the EVI is key, it helps to understand how heat pumps operate. These systems don’t generate heat like a combustion system does. Instead, they transfer heat. In heating mode, heat pumps extract heat from outdoors (via air, ground, or water), and push it inside to provide indoor heating. Of course, the colder it is outside, the more difficult it is to extract heat from the outside air. The EVI compressor solves this issue for cold climate heat pumps by “borrowing” additional heat from the hot side of the refrigerant cycle and redirecting it to help warm up the home.

Thanks to the boosted compressor, the Bosch IDS Ultra can provide heating at 100% capacity down to 5°F. What happens if the temperature drops below 5°, you might ask? The unit will continue to initiate heating even down to the bone-chilling temperature of -13°F, making the IDS Ultra cold climate heat pump a reliable source of home heating even in extreme cold.

DOE Residential Cold Climate Heat Pump Challenge

Government initiatives have also helped to facilitate the development of cold climate heat pump technology. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) issued the Residential Cold Climate Heat Pump Challenge to manufacturers, including Bosch. The goal of the challenge was to advance the technology to allow consumers to make the switch to a cleaner energy future with less carbon emissions.

The Bosch IDS Ultra underwent extensive testing at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For five weeks, the system was placed inside an ice-cold lab that was surrounded by chillers to see how well it could operate in freezing conditions and meet various performance criteria, including: heating to at least 5° F, low global warming potential refrigerant, auxiliary heat, connectivity, and other performance criteria critical to energy efficient electric heating performance in colder regions.

Tax Credits & Rebates Available

Cost is a critical factor to consider when investing in any new HVAC system. Fortunately, there are many federal tax credits and state rebates available to consumers, including specific incentives for cold climate heat pumps. For instance, the Bosch IDS Ultra is ENERGY STAR® V6.1 Cold Climate Certified. Visit the ENERGY STAR website to learn more about these financial incentives and how to qualify.

For information on tax credits and rebates for Bosch Home Comfort systems, please visit the Rebate Center on our website.

Looking Ahead to a Cleaner Energy Future

As climate anxiety increases, many of us are becoming more concerned about our environmental impact. Switching to a heat pump is a great way to reduce your home’s carbon footprint, as it uses electricity.

In the past, homeowners in colder regions had no practical choice other than to heat their homes with fossil fuels. Cold climate technology now makes it possible for even those homeowners to be able to rely on heat pumps all year long, decreasing greenhouse emissions and moving us a step closer towards a more sustainable future.

Bosch IDS Ultra

Unveiled during CES 2024, The Bosch IDS Ultra cold climate heat pump is the first Bosch air-to-air heat pump designed to provide reliable, energy efficient heating even in sub-zero temperatures. This cold climate heat pump can provide 100% heating down to an outdoor temperature of 5° F and will continue to initiate heating even down to -13° F. The IDS Ultra is available up to 5-ton capacities and meets the U.S. Department of Energy’s Cold Climate Challenge. Equipped with R-454B refrigerant, the IDS Ultra meets the criteria for a lower global warming potential (GWP) A2L refrigerant. Watch the video and visit our Bosch IDS Ultra product page to learn more.